Tellurian



(No Model.)

0. A, BOWSHER. TELLURIAN.

- Patented Oct. 29, 1895.

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UNITED STATES PATENT- OFFICE.

COLUMBUS A. BOWSHER, OF CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS.

TELLURIAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 548,798, dated October 29, 1895. Application filed October 18,1894. Serial no. 526,258. (NomotleL) To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, COLUMBUS A. BoWsHnR, of Ohampaign, in the county of Ohampaign and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tellurians; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact'description thereof, ref

erence being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in that class of educational apparatus known as tellurians, and especially designed to illustrate the yearly movement of the earth around the sun, its daily rotation upon its-own axis, and the varying effects of heat and cold, daylight and darkness resulting therefrom, and producing the change of seasons and the alternations of day and night.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved construction in devices of the character referred to; and it consists in the matters hereinafter set forth, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of a tellurian constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary top plan View of the middle part of the frame and the dial. Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 1.

In said drawings, A designates the main frame of the tellurian, and B a'vertical supporting-standard upon which said frame A is mounted to revolve in 'a horizontal plane. Preferably, and as herein shown, the framework A is composed of a longitudinal metallic beam A, made T-shaped in cross-section and provided between its ends with a bearing a for the upper end B of the standard B. Said; bearing a and the adjacent portion of the standard B are furthermore herein shown as inclosed within a sheet-metal casing A which is secured at its upper edges to the beam A and converges downwardly therefrom to engage the standard B at a point somewhat below the bearing a, so as to steady the framework upon the standard. For the purpose,

also, of reducing the. friction as far as possi-' ble, the entire weight of the tellnrian is sustained by a pivot-screw a, which passes through a rigid longitudinal bridge-bar A of the frame and rests with its point within a suitable depression in the top of the standard B. Said bridge-bar A is in this instance secured to the frame by means of screws a which pass through the ends of the. bar and enter upwardlyprojecting lugs 0. of the beam A, and the pivot a is designed to be locked in its adjusted position within said bridge-bar by means of a jam-nut a. The lower end of the standard B may be of any desired shape, but is herein shown as a plain cylindric rod adapted to be inserted and clamped within a suitable base. (Not shown.)

At one end of the frame A is located a clockwork motor C, which is preferably, and in this instance, arranged beneath the general level of the top of the frame A and is provided with a fan-governor O, of a usual type, by which its movement is rendered substantially uniform. A vertical driving-shaft 0 projects downwardly from the motor and is provided at its lower end with a sprocket-pinion G which is connected bya sprocket-chain O with a fixed sprocket gear B on the standard B. With this construction it is obvious that asthe motor-shaft O revolves the entire framework A Will be caused to rotate upon the standard'B through the reaction of the sprocket-wheel C and chain 0 upon the stationary gear B and the direction of such rotation is arranged to be opposite to the direction of rotation ,of the hands of the watch. The sprocket-wheels C and B are furthermore in this instance shown as provided with projecti'ng lower flanges o'and b, which serve to support the sprocket-chain G and obviate any tendency of the latter to sag away from the gearsand rid the sprockets of the same.

- -At the. otherend of the frame A from that at which the motor 0 islocated a globe or sphere Dis revolubly mounted upon the upper end 6 of a rotary spindle E, the lower end 6 of which is journaled' in a vertical bearing A on the frame A. Between its ends the spindle E is oppositely bent in two directions, so that its upper end 6 is inclined at an angle of twenty-three and one-half degrees to the vertical, while at the same timethe center of the globe D stands directly above, the bearing A In other Words, the shape .of the spindle E is such that the axes of its two end portions e e intersect each other at the center of the globe D. The sprocket-gear E is rigidly secured to the lower portion e of the spindle just above the upper surface of the frame A, and a similar gear B of equal size is rigidly mounted in the same plane therewith upon the upper end B of the standard 13, between the bridge-bar A and the top of the beam A, said bridge-bar being long enough to permit the insertion of the gear between the lugs a of the beam. A sprocket-chain E connects the gears B and E and causes the latter to rotate relatively to the frame A as the latter is revolved upon the standard B.

The globe D is mounted to revolve freely upon the upper end of the spindle E, but is rigidly attached to a toothed gear D, which is sleeved upon said spindle so|as to rotateindependently thereof. Said gear D intermeshes with a surrounding circular rack F, preferably made somewhat conical in shape, so that its tooth fwill stand parallel to the axis of the gear D at the moment of their engagement therewith. The rack F is arranged concentric with the bearing A of the spindle E, and is herein shown as supported by columns F, secured to a base-plate F which rests upon the beam A. With this construction it is obvious that the relative rotation of the gear E and spindle E with relation to the frame A as the latter revolves on its standard will cause the gear D to travel around the interior of the rack F and produce a rotation of the said gear and of the globe B to which it is attached in exact imitation of the rotation of the earth upon its axis. It will also be obvious, however, that owing to the equal diameters of the gears E and B the apparent rotation of the gear E will exist solely with relation to the frame A, and that said gear E will actually remain stationary, so far as rotation upon its axis is concerned. Consequently the axis of rotation of the globe D will always point in the same direction in the same manner as the axis of the earth constantly points toward the north star.

The bearing A for the lower end of the spindle E is herein shown as including a suitable bearing-aperature a in the beam A, through which the end e of the spindle is passed, and a pivot-screw a, carried by a suitable yoke a upon the point of which the lower end of the spindle rests. By screwing said pivot-screw a greater or less distance into the yoke the vertical adjustment of the globe A may be varied as desired, and the screw may be thereafter secured against displacement by means of a jam-nut a This form of bearing is obviously not only adjustable but reduces the friction to a minimum.

The sprocket-chain E is prevented from sagging unduly by lower flanges e and b of the sprocket-wheels E and B respectively, as in the case of the sprocket-wheels (J and B The sprocket-wheel B is furthermore herein shown as provided with an upper flange 13 which is graduated to form a dial marked to indicate the fourseasons of the year-spring, summer, autumn, and winter-and, also, preferably divided to indicate the three months constituting each season. A pointer A supported at the center of the cross-bar A is also provided to co-operate in the indications of such dial.

At the opposite end of the frame A from the globe D or at that end adjacent to the motor 0 is provided a standard G, which may support any suitable device or framework representing the sun or the rays thereof; and that half of the globeD remote from the standard G is herein shown as covered by a hemisphericalhood Hindicating the unilluminated surface of the globe. A skeleton cage 11' of hemispherical form is also herein shown as covering the other half of the globe D for the purpose of indicating the several zones in which the heating effects of the sun are felt to various degrees. All these latter features, however, have been already set forth in my previous patent, No. 457,487, dated August 11, 1891, and in themselves form no part of my present invention. I

I claim as my invention- 1. A tellurian, comprising a supporting standard,-a rotary frame pivotally mounted upon the upper end of the standard, a motor on said frame provided with a sprocket gear, a stationary sprocket on the standard, and a sprocket chain connecting the two gears, whereby the rotation of the motor and sprocket will cause the frame to revolve upon the standard, substantially as described.

2. A tellurian, comprising a supporting standard, a rotary framework pivotally mounted on said standard, a motor on said framework provided with a sprocket gear, a fixed sprocket gear on the standard, a sprocket chain connecting the two gears, a rotary globe carrying shaft on the frame provided with a sprocket gear, a second stationary sprocket gear on the standard, and a sprocket chain connecting the last two sprocket gears, substantially as described.

3. A tellurian comprising a supporting standard, a rotary frame pivotally mounted on said standard, a spindle mounted at one end of the frame, a globe mounted on the spindle, a motor mounted on the opposite end of the frame and forming a counter-balance for said globe, gearing connecting the motor and standard by which the frame is turned on the standard and gearing connecting the standard with the said spindle for turning the globe relatively to the frame, substantially as described.

4. A tellurian, comprising a supporting standard, a frame pivotally mounted on the upper end of said standard, a globe mounted on one end of the frame, amotor at the other end of the frame forming a counterbalance sprocket chain connecting for said globe, and a pivot screw seated in a fixed part of the frame and bearing at its point upon the upper end of the standard so as to support the weight of. the frame, substantially as described.

5. A tellurian, comprising a supporting standard, a frame pivotally mounted upon said standard, the upper end of the standard projecting through the frame, a motor at one end of the frame provided with a sprocket gear, a stationary sprocket gear on the standard, a sprocket chain connecting said gears,a

globe carrying spindle at the other end of the frame, a sprocket gear on said spindle, a stationary sprocket gear secured upon the upper end of the standard above the frame, a the last two sprocket gears, a bridge bar rigidly secured to the frame spanning the gear on the upper end of the standard, and a pivot pin having a screw threaded engagement with said bridge bar and bearing at its point upon the upper end of the standard, substantially as described.

6. A tellurian, comprising a supporting standard, a frame pivotally mounted on said standard, the upper end of the standard projecting through said frame, a motor on one end of the frame provided with a sprocket gear, a stationary sprocket gear on the standard, a sprocket chain connecting the two gears, a globe carrying spindle at the oppositeend of the frame from the motor, a sprocket gear rigidly secured on said spindle, a stationary sprocket gear on the upper end of the standard, a dial for indicating the seasons of the year on the upper end of the standard, and a pointer on the frame adjacent to the dial, substantially as described.

7. A tellurian, comprising a supporting standard, a frame pivotally mounted on said standard, a reversely bent-spindle journaled at its lower end in a vertical bearing in the frame,.a globe revolubly mounted upon the upper end of the spindle, a toothed gear secured to the globe concentric with the upper end of the spindle, a circular rack or gearintermeshing with said globe gear arranged concentric with the journal of the spindle, a sprocket gear on the lower end of the spindle, a stationary sprocket on the standard, a sprocket chain connecting the two sprocket wheels, a motor on the frame provided with a sprocket gear, a second stationary sprocket gear on the standard, and a sprocket chain connecting the last two sprocket gears, substantially as described.

8. A tellurian, comprising a supporting standard, a frame pivotally mounted on said standard, an upwardly projecting spindle journaled in a vertical hearing at one end of the frame, said bearing comprising a cylindric opening for the spindle, and a pivot screw extending through a fixed part of the frame and engaging a central recess in the end of the spindle,'thereby adj ustably supporting the same, a globe revolubly mounted on the upper end of the spindle, said spindle being reversely bent between its ends so that the axes of said ends intersect each other at the center of the globe, a gear wheel secured to the globe concentric with the adjacent end of the spindle, a circular rack or gear concentric with the lower end of the spindle and intermeshing with the globe, a motor on the frame, and gearing connecting the motor with the spindle and standard, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

COLUMBUS A. BOWSHER.

Witnesses:

PH. M. HUCKE, W. 0. TAOKETT. 

